Daf hayomi BEKHOROT page 13

Shalom to everyone here with us; this chapter, this whole tractate is called Bechorot, right? I forgot to translate it into French, what does it mean? >> Firstborn. >> Firstborn, bravo, we started by giving honor to the donkey.

All the first 13 pages were about it, and now, today's page, the 13th, we will start chapter number two, about the cow ; we are moving on to the cow. It's beautiful, though, that we gave honor to the donkey first in the... there you go. Okay, let's look at the Mishna, we are on line 16.

Actually, line 16. Parat. Okay, someone who buys a baby, a fetus we could say, meaning a future calf. >> In the womb of a cow...

Even though we will see that we don't sell cows here in Israel, and we leave the space in the government. Sorry, I added that myself. But back then, yes, you will see that even that is so as not to give them. Any leverage or footing.

It means he cannot have a cow, because when it's a cow and something significant, it means he will start to settle, plow the land, have dairy, and here there is no room for two peoples, right? It's not, we shouldn't be ashamed to say it. It's the Parasha, isn't it? Sarah said it well, she told her husband clearly: "You must get rid of Ishmael." Abraham didn't want to; he believed, he believed they could live together.

Well, there you have it, we are in the same boat. So if he sold it, even though he wasn't allowed to, or if he is a partner, if he received it as a gift. Or if he gave it in a contract, meaning he rented it out for the year, as they say, for the cow. >> And he had a firstborn cow, it's exempt from the mitzvah, as it is written "to the Children of Israel." Okay.

So only the classic firstborn of a cow that is 100%yours, and not partnered, sold, or under a contract, all of that ... And we will also see that even the Kohanim and the Levites must also give the firstborn. It has nothing to do with the Kohanim. It is like the first fruits .

The first is always for God. That is our subject. Rabotai, the Gemara attacks immediately. Gemara line 21.

Why start with the first chapter and only now move on to the cow? A question that works on the mind. Why did we give honor and start with the donkey? The Gemara.

It answers. It is better to start with the cow, isn't it? It's something pure, no? The answer is: "Israel is beloved." It is Israel.

Why? What is "ma"? It is " what," and the Talmud was written in Bavel. So when he wanted to speak about Israel, he would say Marava.

Hanina, first answer, we saw he was the first to be there to support him when leaving Egypt. Ah, we gave a second answer, if you don't like the first one from Bassila, as if there isn't much, there are only 13 pages on the year. However, now we are going to swim through dozens of pages just on kosher animals, so we're getting rid of what is , uh, short—how do we say it—what has fewer details, and now we dive in. There you go.

Well, that's a nice answer . Israel, even if someone, a Jew, bought—with money, he bought a cow from a non-Jew, he gave the money to him. Even if he hadn't, even if he didn't perform an act of acquisition—at the time, you had to pull the cow. That was the sign that it belonged to me .

But the fact that he bought it from a non-Jew, and we understood clearly that here they are like tourists. Their status is that of a "ger toshav." They are not >> inhabitants. >> That's what we call it. They are not residents.

Residents, yes, but they are not inhabitants according to the Torah. >> So even without an act of acquisition, he bought it. That means a Jew bought—I'll use names like that, let's keep it quick—Israel bought a cow from Mohammad who lives in Israel. Okay, he wired the money to the bank and said, "I'll be there in 2 days to pick it up." If during those 2 days, that cow gives birth to a firstborn, that firstborn already belongs to the Cohen.

That means the Israelite is already >> the owner as soon as the money is wired . Well done. Now, here in my text, it's always marked in the commentaries: instead of saying " gentile," it says "idolater" here. Alright, so?

Non-Jew, idolater, if you like. So sometimes I will say the same way too. It's a transaction where Mohammad bought from an Israelite; even though it's not nice that the Israelite sold a cow, as soon as the money is wired, it's a done deal. there were three acts of acquisition at the time: money, paper—a contract—and possession, I believe.

That means it's... >> you shake hands. >> Yeah, you shake hands. That's in diamonds.

Uh, we lift a pen or something , an object, that's in a wedding. There are several acts of acquisition. But apparently, back then as well as today, a money transfer means the deal is done. Even though today, I believe the law says you can still regret it for a couple of weeks.

It also depends on what >> It depends on what you bought. You bought briefs, they're marked, boxers are marked, there's no going back. So here, we're trying to understand since when does a transfer work without an acquisition act? If the acquisition act is between two Jews.

Then you need the acquisition act, but if there's a Mohammed in the middle, then even a transfer >> is enough. Don't say it doesn't work at all. Even if, in quotes, he doesn't have his Israeli citizenship, it means he's here but even though he's not at home, it still works. No need for money and acquisition, one is enough.

Either one or the other, and even if he didn't transfer the money but he pulled the cow, >> it's good. Now let's try to understand the other way around, Mohammed buying from Israel , you told me a transfer is also enough . Why? Gave orders that the acquisition, sorry , the money in this case works both ways .

It can't just work one way. If Israel can buy from Mohammed with a transfer, Mohammed can buy from Israel too by maybe...it doesn't work at all. You can't, otherwise there's no more commerce in Israel, right? They're going to say it only works one way.

No, we don't need both. Maybe one or the other. I'm turning the page. Either one or the other.

So everything that moves, what do we call that? Ready-to-wear? >> There is real estate and personal property. It says, there you go, everything that is mobile, okay.

>> You have to pull it, and sorry, it's, yeah, you have to pull it, but sometimes money works because for land, as we will see, you can't pull the land. What do you do with a piece of land? You have to change the padlock, you have to put up a fence, you have to break the old padlock. All those are acts of acquisition, inherent, there's no going back.

But when you pulled it, it means you saw it, it walks, it's fine , it doesn't have five legs. It's confirmed, it wasn't just with a transfer. Apparently, even with transfers, there have been scams in Apparently the banking system is not the same as in the rest of the world. It's not right away that >> Yeah.

Sometimes, they might send you a message saying you sent the money, but you received nothing. There have been scams like that. To get the money back into your account , you have to wait 24 hours. and it would be a reversal for something that was sanctified, I regret it, I'm not going to give it, or for an act of acquisition with a non-Jew, it works as a reversal if you have taken it.

In Bava, there is a big debate. Are we allowed to cheat? Not cheat, exactly. It means if he stole in a certain way from an idolater, is it a sin and must he still reimburse it or not?

What do you think? The Halakha is >> It's theft. >> It's theft, for sure. Does he have to reimburse or not?

>> Yes, normally yes. Yes, but there is an opinion that says no. That is what he says, but it's not—it's even worse when you steal from a non-Jew Then it depends if he lives there or doesn't live there. If someone—well, now the Gemara talks about a reversal, someone who bought I don't know what, some jewelry, what do we call that, a flea market?

>> He bought items from a flea market from a non-Jew in Israel and he found statues there; what do we do now? And these are statues that are in the list, a reversal, he cannot benefit from them. There was idolatry involved. >> What do we do?

If the money hasn't been transferred yet , even if it has been taken, it's a reversal. But if he bought it, transferred the money, and took it, he can go to the Dead Sea. He will go to the Dead Sea with it. Meaning there is no turning back, he can no longer ask for a refund .

Go to the Dead Sea, it means there is nothing to be done with it. Israel and all that, if of course you have to abide by the laws of Israel. Don't forget, when we speak here of the laws of Israel, it's the laws of If he gave the money but hasn't taken the item yet, he can reverse the deal. Here it is not—it's a bad deal, meaning that if the Jew had known beforehand that there was idolatry—statues—in what he bought, he wouldn't have bought it.

So that is called a bad sale. It's not >> from the beginning, there you go, from the beginning it's something that is not good. >> It's not like someone who buys something and for him it's good, he goes home and for his wife it's not good. So there, he can't turn back because for him it's settled.

But here, from the start, there was a mix-up. So it all depends, what is it, man? Is it a case of error or not an error? If the beginning was an error, the charge is canceled, otherwise not.

I'll finish the page and as long as he hasn't given the money, he can turn back. He gave the money, is he going to throw it in the sea? And furthermore, there are two opinions . Is it enough that the money was paid, or did he need to take what he bought?

We're finishing the subject. It's not enough to take the product home or the cow without giving the money. There is another opinion that says: if he hasn't given the money and hasn't taken the object, then even if he shook hands, made a commitment, or swore, he can cancel the sale because it's just words. Now, on tomorrow's page, we will see: does a word that is...

>> hold up or not? It's cute. We know you have to keep your word, but in consequences like this, I told someone I give you my word, tomorrow I buy the chandelier and I see the chandelier has idols, statues. >> The cow dies in the meantime.

>> Or the cow dies, bravo Israel. But Israel is still righteous. So the Gemara , and we finish the page with that. If it's between Israel and Israel, the word has value.

But as soon as it's Israel and a non-Jew , Israel why do they have a word, what word. And there you go, guys, we finished the page and finished this first subject. >> Oh boy! Have an excellent day.

We will continue , God willing, later on. Amen.